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Designing and construction of cellular base stations


Cellular network is an array of cells that covers a certain area. In the centre of each cell there is a base station (BS) that serves all mobile stations (MS) within the cell. BS equipment, depending on the standard, operates at frequencies 450, 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz.

When a subscriber moves from one cell to another, service is handed over to another BS. All BS are connected to Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) via transport network. Transport network widely uses radio relay equipment (RRE) as well as wire- and fiber-optics communication equipment. The MSC has access to public switched telephone network (PSTN). For operation of RRE of mobile networks frequencies of 2 to 40 GHz are used.

Cell size depends on a number of factors, most important being signal propagation conditions and number of simultaneous callers. The poorer the propagation conditions and the higher density of population, the smaller the cell is. Therefore, in cities base stations are located at several hundreds meters' distance from each other, while in the country this distance increases to 10-15 km.

“Radio Relay Communication” has a great experience in mounting base stations. Our specialists know where and how to mount BS for provision of interference-free communication, and, what is much more valuable, can cope with difficulties and non-standard situations.

Particulars of placing BS in the city and in the country

In the city there are a lot of high buildings where BS may be mounted. Disadvantage is that due to high density of concrete buildings effective signal range decreases. Besides, BS are to be mounted in places which are not always convenient for working in. Among such, in particular, are samples of architecture. However, specialists of “Radio Relay Communication” have vast experience in implementing complex projects and can install BS so as not to spoil architectural town image. Details on the subject can be found in “Base Stations and Architecture”.

In the country the built objects that are suitable for BS mounting are, as a rule, absent, therefore for quality communication it is necessary to erect antenna mast structures. Usually, for GSM networks, BS in the country are situated 10-15 km from each other.

Whether to mount BS in the city or in the country or combine these two variants, depends on client's requirements. If the client is unsure, then basing on his demands, specialists of “Radio Relay Communication” can develop a suitable plan of BS locations for excellent communication quality within necessary coverage area. On the contrary, if the Client knows well what is required, specialists of “Radio Relay Communication” will execute work with maximum accuracy, according to your project, immediately resolving possible problems (obtaining permits to mount on samples of architecture, various high-rise structures, etc.) “RRC” is nor afraid of ambitious tasks!

Mounting BS on existing high-rise structures

It is not common knowledge that base stations may be mounted not only on masts (specially erected structures), but also on roofs of high buildings. Other high-rise structures, such as chimneys, elevators, etc, can make excellent site for BS mounting. Use of usable area of various high rise structures may cause significant savings on erection of a mast, height of which is, as a rule, 70-85 m. On top of it, requirements to mast location are usually very strict and it cannot always be placed in the desired location. What is much simpler and more economizing, is development of a special structure for mounting BS on existing high building with favorable location. “RRC” specialists have necessary knowledge and experience in mounting BS on non-standard structures.

Main stages of designing and construction of BS on an antenna support

Should BS be needed in the country, one cannot do without erection of an antenna support. In order for the client to better understand terms during placing an order, and to understand what he pays for, it is necessary to generally understand stages of designing and construction of BS on an antenna support. These stages are:

  • Designing;
  • Obtaining necessary permits;
  • Manufacturing of antenna support;
  • Making of foundation;
  • Pre-assembly;
  • Mounting of antenna support;
  • Mounting of instrument room container;
  • Mounting of antenna and feeder equipment;
  • Mounting of radio-relay link connection;
  • Mounting of equipment for base station and power-plant;
  • Power termination;
  • Start-up work.

Details on above are available from specialists of “RRC”, should you have any questions.

Contract Making department of “RRC”

During construction of antenna mast structures, as well as during BS mounting on existing buildings and structures, necessary permits should be obtained, therefore a professional building company must have a Contract Making department. The Contract Making department employs highly qualified specialists who have resolved many difficult problems in their work experience.

It is often the case that the “ideal” BS location plan developed by the network operator, when implemented, does not operate with maximum efficiency. It is impossible to foresee everything, e.g., unexpected interference from concrete structures, and “RRC” specialists' task is to efficiently eliminate “blind spots” by installing additional BS in problem areas. Contract Making department specialists will do all preliminary work prior to installation of new BS itself.

Representative of “RRC” Contract Making department will examine the terrain in the problem area and will find several alternative objects where BS may be mounted, with direct view of other BS of this network and a power source. After agreement with the client on the most preferable object, representative of Contract Making department will negotiate rent cost with owner of the object (on favorable terms for the client) and supervises execution of an agreement.

Thus, by cooperating with “RRC” Contract Making department our clients save valuable time for finding acceptable objects and negotiating, as well as obtain the best rent terms.

After signing necessary documents, “RRC” Design Department starts work on the object and develops an individual BS location plan for the customer's needs.

The result is the most immediate and efficient elimination of problem areas and excellent quality of service.

Customers of “Radio Relay Communication”

The best quality for a professional is huge experience. Since 1997 “RRC” has designed and manufactures over four thousand base stations for GSM standard. Among “RRC's” clients are “MTS”, “MegaFon”, “Sky Link” and “Tele2”.

GSM has become a federal standard in Russia. “MTS” was the first operator in Russia to start BS manufacturing and provide GSM service in Russia. “RCC” participates in network construction virtually from the very start.

Here only the most significant projects are mentioned, that were implemented by our clients in collaboration with “RRC”. At the same time, “RRC” values all customers, and, regardless of the project you come to us with, our specialists will be happy to offer their services and execute work at the highest quality level.